Table 3

JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions

Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.03.013

The Effect of Patent Foramen Ovale Closure on Visual Aura Without Headache or Typical Aura With Migraine Headache

Hamidreza Khessali, M. Khalid Mojadidi, Rubine Gevorgyan, Ralph Levinson and Jonathan Tobis

Frequency of R to L Shunt in 3 Groups of Patients With Visual Aura and Number of PFOs Closed Versus Control Subjects

	Group A MH + Aura	Group B MH + Aura (Unrelated)	Group C Aura Only	Control Subjects
n	175	29	21	200
Positive for R to L shunt	168 (96%) (p < 0.0001)^⁎	21 (72%) (p < 0.0001)^⁎	14 (67%) (p < 0.0001)^⁎	36 (18%)
R to L shunts that were closed	67 (40%)	8 (38%)	5 (36%)	0 (0%)
PFO closure device used CardioSEAL/Amplatzer/Helex	9/34/24	0/3/5	1/0/4	—

Values are n or n(%).

MH = migraine headache; PFO = patent foramen ovale; R to L = right-to-left.