JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Clinical Research
Indications and Outcomes of Surgical Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect in Adults
François-Pierre Mongeon, Harold M. Burkhart, Naser M. Ammash, Joseph A. Dearani, Zhuo Li, Carole A. Warnes and Heidi M. Connolly
Table 3
Table 3
Indications for Surgery
| Aortic regurgitation | 13 (28) |
| Left ventricular dilation | 13 (28) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 9 (20) |
| Endocarditis | 8 (17) |
| Symptoms | 6 (13) |
| Left ventricular dysfunction | 4 (9) |
| Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm | 5 (11) |
| Ruptured | 3 (7) |
| Not ruptured | 2 (4) |
| Coronary cusp prolapse | 3 (7) |
| Double chamber right ventricle | 3 (7) |
| Mitral regurgitation | 3 (7) |
| Qp/Qs ≥2 | 3 (7) |
| Subaortic stenosis | 1 (2) |
Data are n (%). Total is >100% because many patients had multiple indications.
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