JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Volume 11, Issue 19, October 2018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.06.023
PDF Article
Structural

Impact of Direct Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Without Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty on Procedural and Clinical Outcomes
Insights From the FRANCE TAVI Registry

Pierre Deharo, Nicolas Jaussaud, Dominique Grisoli, Olivier Camus, Noemie Resseguier, Herve Le Breton, Vincent Auffret, Jean Philippe Verhoye, René Koning, Thierry Lefevre, Eric Van Belle, Helene Eltchaninoff, Martine Gilard, Pascal Leprince, Bernard Iung, Marc Lambert, Frédéric Collart and Thomas Cuisset

Author + information

vol. 11 no. 19 1956-1965
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2018.06.023
Published By: 
JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions
Print ISSN: 
1936-8798
Online ISSN: 
1876-7605
History: 
  • Received April 4, 2018
  • Revision received June 7, 2018
  • Accepted June 13, 2018
  • Published online October 1, 2018.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation

Author Information

  1. Pierre Deharo, MDa,b,c,
  2. Nicolas Jaussaud, MDd,
  3. Dominique Grisoli, MDd,
  4. Olivier Camus, MDe,
  5. Noemie Resseguier, MDf,
  6. Herve Le Breton, MDg,
  7. Vincent Auffret, MDg,
  8. Jean Philippe Verhoye, MD, PhDh,
  9. René Koning, MDi,
  10. Thierry Lefevre, MDj,
  11. Eric Van Belle, MD, PhDk,
  12. Helene Eltchaninoff, MD, PhDl,
  13. Martine Gilard, MD, PhDm,
  14. Pascal Leprince, MDn,
  15. Bernard Iung, MD, PhDo,
  16. Marc Lambert, MDa,c,
  17. Frédéric Collart, MDc,d and
  18. Thomas Cuisset, MD, PhDa,c,p,∗ (thomas.cuisset{at}ap-hm.fr)
  1. aDépartement de Cardiologie, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
  2. bUMR MD2, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
  3. cFaculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
  4. dService de Chirurgie Cardiaque, CHU Timone, Marseille, France
  5. eHôpital d’Instructions des Armées Laveran, Marseille, France
  6. fDepartment of Public Health, Research Unit EA 3279, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
  7. gCHU Rennes, Service de Cardiologie, INSERM, U1099, Université de Rennes 1, Signal and Image Treatment Laboratory, Rennes, France
  8. hThoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Pontchaillou University Hospital Center, University of Rennes 1, Signal and Image Treatment Laboratory, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1099, Rennes, France
  9. iCardiology Service, Saint Hilaire Clinic, Rouen, France
  10. jParis South Cardiovascular Institute, Jacques-Cartier Private Hospital, Massy, France
  11. kDepartment of Cardiology, University of Lille 2, Regional University Hospital Center of Lille, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1011, University Hospital Federation Integra, Lille, France
  12. lCardiology Service, Rouen–Charles-Nicolle University Hospital Center, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U644, Rouen, France
  13. mDepartment of Cardiology, La Cavale Blanche University Hospital Center, Optimization of Physiological Regulations, Science and Technical Training and Research Unit, University of Western Brittany, Brest, France
  14. nSorbonne–Pierre-et-Marie-Curie University, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Groupe Hospitalier de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Cardiac Surgery, Paris, France
  15. oDepartment of Cardiology, University Hospital Department Fire and Paris-Diderot University, Public Assistance Hospitals of Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
  16. pAix Marseille University, Inserm, Inra, C2VN, Marseille, France
  1. ↵∗Address for correspondence:
    Prof. Thomas Cuisset, Department of Cardiology, Hopital la Timone, 265 Rue Saint Pierre, 13005 Marseille, France.

Abstract

Objectives This study sought to describe the current practices and compare outcomes according to the use of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) or not during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Background Since its development, aortic valve pre-dilatation has been an essential step of TAVR procedures. However, the feasibility of TAVR without systematic BAV has been described.

Methods TAVR performed in 48 centers across France between January 2013 and December 2015 were prospectively included in the FRANCE TAVI (Registry of Aortic Valve Bioprostheses Established by Catheter) registry. We compared outcomes according to BAV during the TAVR procedure.

Results A total of 5,784 patients have been included in our analysis, corresponding to 2,579 (44.6%) with BAV avoidance and 3,205 (55.4%) patients with BAV performed. We observed a progressive decline in the use of BAV over time (78% of procedures in 2013 and 49% in the last trimester of 2015). Avoidance of BAV was associated with similar device implantation success (97.3% vs. 97.6%; p = 0.40). TAVR procedures without BAV were quicker (fluoroscopy 17.2 ± 9.1 vs. 18.5 ± 8.8 min; p < 0.01) and used lower amounts of contrast (131.5 ± 61.6 vs. 141.6 ± 61.5; p < 0.01) and radiation (608.9 ± 576.3 vs. 667.0 ± 631.3; p < 0.01). The rates of moderate to severe aortic regurgitation were lower with avoidance of BAV (8.3% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.01) and tamponade rates (1.5% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.04).

Conclusions We confirmed that TAVR without BAV is frequently performed in France with good procedural results. This procedure is associated with procedural simplification and lower rates of residual aortic regurgitation.

Key Words

Continuous development has improved the results of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and this technique is considered the preferred treatment for severe aortic stenosis (AS) in high-surgical-risk patients (1,2). Despite continuous simplification of the original TAVR protocol, technical success rates up to 97% are reported nowadays (3).

A systematic step of aortic valve pre-dilatation before valve deployment has been mandatory from the early days (4). Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is supposed to facilitate the delivery system, help in sizing the device, and optimize valve implantation and expansion (4). However, BAV has been associated with hemodynamic disturbance, acute aortic regurgitation, renal failure, increased risk of stroke, and pacemaker implantation (5–8).

Feasibility of the TAVR procedure without systematic BAV has been described in the literature, for both self-expanding and balloon-expanding devices (9,10). Therefore, the necessity of systematic BAV has been debated in recent years and is now avoided by most teams.

Therefore, on the basis of the large FRANCE TAVI (Registry of Aortic Valve Bioprostheses Established by Catheter) registry, we describe the current practices and compare patient outcomes according to pre-dilatation performed during the TAVR procedure.

Methods

Launched in January 2013, FRANCE TAVI is an initiative of the working group of interventional cardiology of the French Society of Cardiology with the participation of the French Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Device manufacturers partly funded the registry but had no role in data collection or analysis or in manuscript preparation.

Designed as an all-comers registry, it prospectively includes data on all patients who underwent TAVR for severe AS in 48 of 50 active TAVR centers in France and who volunteered to participate. The decision to perform TAVR and the choice of approach and device used were made on the basis of assessment by a multidisciplinary heart team at each participating center, as previously described (11). Procedures and post-procedural management were performed in accordance with each site’s routine protocol. A 30-day follow-up was recommended in the case report form and was performed either on site or by telephone contact with the patient and the patient’s physician depending on each site’s protocol. Patients included in the registry provided written informed consent for the procedure and for anonymous processing of their data. The registry was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research and by the National Commission for Data Protection and Liberties. FRANCE TAVI is supported by the French Society of Cardiology. The FRANCE TAVI dataset was collected using a dedicated web-based interface from the French Society of Cardiology. All data, including in-hospital complications and follow-up, were site reported according to the definitions within the national dataset (11). The database was managed by the French Society of Cardiology, which implemented regular data quality checks, including range checks and assessments of internal consistency. In cases of missing, extreme, or inconsistent values, centers were contacted and asked to verify and modify records as appropriate.

Study group and endpoints

For the purposes of this analysis, all patients included from January 2, 2013, to December 31, 2015, in FRANCE TAVI database were screened. Detailed methodology and definitions used in this registry have been published elsewhere (3,11). Patients with missing data on valve type or approach (n =353) were excluded from the analysis. Following this step, patients without information regarding the pre-dilatation were excluded (n = 6,634). Then, we excluded patients with previous surgical aortic valve replacement (n = 386) (Figure 1). They represent a specific group with almost exclusive use of Medtronic CoreValve device (Santa Ana, California) and large majority of aortic regurgitation. We separated the patients into 2 cohorts according to pre-dilatation performed (Control) or no pre-dilatation (Direct TAVR).

Figure 1
Figure 1

Flowchart

Patients with previous aortic valve replacement, no information regarding the type of valve implanted, or pre-dilatation status were excluded from the analysis. TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

The primary endpoint of the study was device success comparison between the 2 cohorts. Secondary endpoints were defined as procedural endpoints (fluoroscopic time, contrast load, radiation dose, need for a second valve, and conversion to surgery), and clinical endpoints (in-hospital complications of mortality, permanent pacemaker implantation, annular rupture, stroke, tamponade, acute renal failure). Pre-procedural and post-procedural echocardiographic parameters were also compared.

Statistical analysis

Quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± SD or as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data as absolute values and percentages. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of included patients were described for the 2 groups (Control vs. Direct TAVR) and compared. For quantitative variables, Student's t-tests were performed when valid, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed otherwise. For qualitative variables, chi-square tests were performed when valid, and Fisher exact tests were performed otherwise.

Outcomes were compared between the 2 groups using the same statistical tests as described previously. Multivariate regression models were then built, to assess the independent association between BAV and each outcome with a forced adjustment for the following variables: age, EuroSCORE, baseline ejection fraction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, life expectancy <1 year, critical sate preoperative, moderate or severe aortic regurgitation at baseline, general anesthesia, and TAVR approach. No variable selection was performed on statistical criteria. Multivariate linear regression models were built for quantitative outcomes to estimate adjusted beta coefficients with their 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate logistic regression models were built for binary qualitative outcomes to estimate adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals.

Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.4.1. All tests were 2-sided at the 0.05 significance level.

Results

Between January 2013 and December 31, 2015, a total of 5,784 patients have been included in our analysis, corresponding to 2,579 (44.6%) patients in Direct TAVR group and 3,205 (55.4%) patients in Control group (Figure 1). We did not have information regarding BAV in 6,634 patients and 386 had a TAVR following surgical aortic replacement.

We observed a progressive decline of the use of BAV over time, starting in 2013 with 78% of procedures to 49% in the last trimester of 2015 (Figure 2).

Figure 2
Figure 2

Direct TAVR Evolution Between 2013 and 2015

The rate of Direct TAVR increased during the time period and became the most frequent TAVR procedure in mid-2015. T = trimester; TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics

We observed significant differences between the 2 groups (Table 1). Patients with Direct TAVR were younger (83.1 ± 7.6 vs. 84.0 ± 6.6) and frailer with higher rates of critical preoperative state before procedure (8.2% vs. 5.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19.8% vs. 16.9%), and peripheral arterial disease (28.1% vs. 19.0%). Patients having a Direct TAVR had lower ejection fraction (54.4 ± 13.7 vs. 56.6 ± 13.2) and less severe AS with lower gradients (45.6 ± 15.0 vs. 48.7 ± 15.6) and higher area (0.72 ± 0.31 vs. 0.68 ± 0.19).

View this table:
Table 1

Baseline Clinical and Echocardiographic Characteristics

Procedural characteristics

No differences in valve type (Direct TAVR 69.3% Edwards [Irvine, California] Sapiens and 30.2% Medtronic CoreValve vs. Control 67.9% Edwards Sapiens and 30.8% Medtronic CoreValve) was observed between the 2 groups (p = 0.55). The transfemoral route was more often used in the Control group (86.1% vs. 82.9%).

Direct TAVR was associated with procedural simplification. Fluoroscopy time (17.2 ± 9.1 min vs. 18.5 ± 8.8 min), radiation dose (608.9 ± 576.3 vs. 667.0 ± 631.3), and contrast load (131.5 ± 61.6 vs. 141.6 ± 61.5) were lower in the Direct TAVR cohort (Table 2). Those results were maintained after adjustment (p < 0.01 for contrast load and fluoroscopic time; p = 0.04 for radiation dose).

View this table:
Table 2

Procedural and Echocardiographic Outcomes

Echocardiographic results

After the TAVR, patients who underwent a Direct TAVR procedure had lower post-operative ejection fraction and similar aortic surface and mean gradient. However, the rate of aortic regurgitation >2 was significantly increased in case of pre-dilatation (8.3% vs. 12.2%; p < 0.01 after adjustment) (Table 2).

Primary endpoint and clinical outcomes

The primary endpoint did not differ between the 2 groups (device success: 97.3% Direct TAVR vs. 97.6% Control; p = 0.40). Stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, acute kidney injury, and annular rupture were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, tamponade was more frequently noted in case of pre-dilatation (1.5% vs. 2.3%; p = 0.04) (Table 3). This association was not significant after multivariable adjustment (p = 0.25).

View this table:
Table 3

Clinical Outcomes

Results according to the type of valve (Edwards Sapiens and Medtronic CoreValve) are presented in Tables 4 and 5⇓⇓.

View this table:
Table 4

Procedural, Echocardiographic, and Clinical Outcomes in the Medtronic CoreValve Cohort

View this table:
Table 5

Procedural, Echocardiographic, and Clinical Outcomes in the Edwards Sapiens Cohort

Discussion

Our results show that BAV, as an initial step during TAVR, is nowadays performed in <50% of procedures in France and reserved for patients with more severe AS. Moreover, Direct TAVR is associated with procedural simplification and a similar success rate. This approach could lead to improved outcomes with lower aortic regurgitation >2 and tamponade rates.

Evolution of TAVR procedure, simplification, and feasibility

Increasing evidence demonstrates TAVR as an alternative to surgical aortic valve implantation in selected patients with symptomatic severe AS. This procedure benefited from continuous and multiple simplifications related to material development over the past 15 years.

The main purpose of BAV is to facilitate the AS crossing with the new valve by fracturing calcified nodules, separating fused commissures, stretching the aortic annulus, and reducing the radial counter-force. Therefore, device expansion should be facilitated. There are some additional aspects, including balloon sizing and exclusion of coronary artery obstruction, that can be assessed during the initial BAV. On the other hand, BAV has been associated with inherent risks, including thromboembolic complications, conduction disorders, annular rupture, acute severe aortic regurgitation, and transient hemodynamic instability during the rapid pacing, which leads to increased risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and acute kidney injury (5–8,12). The feasibility of Direct TAVR without pre-dilatation has been suggested in small cohorts for the self-expanding Medtronic CoreValve prosthesis and for the balloon-expandable Edwards Sapiens XT valve for both transapical and transfemoral access routes (9,10,13–18). Our data confirm the fast adoption of Direct TAVR procedure in France, which has become the more common TAVR protocol in the latest 2015. Similar success rates are observed independently of anatomic selection. Remaining challenges are to determine which clinical and anatomic features would favor BAV as part of TAVR procedure.

A way to reduce complications associated with TAVR

Our cohort is the largest published so far and therefore evaluation of procedural complications is essential. Confirming previous data from small cohort, we showed that Direct TAVR is associated with lower contrast delivery with inherent benefit on kidney function. Moreover, avoiding BAV makes the procedure quicker and simpler, with lower fluoroscopy duration and radiation dose.

The rate of paravalvular regurgitation after device placement seems to be lower with avoidance of BAV. This has been already reported in small cohort and may be explained by a more accurate positioning of the valve in those cases, related to stability conferred by the calcifications in the absence of separated fused commissures (8,10,17,19). It is well known that aortic regurgitation, mostly paravalvular, is one of the relatively frequent complications after TAVR with adverse impacts on short- and long-term survival (20). Interestingly, in our analysis according to the type of valves (self-expanding vs. balloon expandable), we found that the device success rate was similar in the 2 groups while the lowering in aortic regurgitation was observed only with balloon-expanding valves. Therefore, the use of a balloon-expandable valve could be even more favorable for Direct TAVR.

Tamponade remains a complication of BAV, and we observed lower rates of its incidence with Direct TAVR protocol.

Embolic migration is an inherent complication of calcified aortic valve manipulations, and BAV has been correlated to higher risk of stroke. However, data in the literature are in favor of higher risk of subclinical strokes in cases of Direct TAVR versus TAVR including BAV. Bijuklic et al. (21) showed, in a study using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging post-TAVR, higher incidence of silent embolic events in case of Direct TAVR with balloon-expandable valves. Moreover, Pagnesi et al. (22) found higher rates of stroke in the non–pre-dilatation group with both valves type. Confirming the most recent meta-analysis, our data are reassuring and showed low stroke rates with no differences between both groups (23). Those conclusions were reported with both types of valves, despite remaining more pronounced on self-expanding prosthesis (9,13).

Study limitations

One limitation of the current work is that outcomes associated with the decision to use BAV were studied in a retrospective fashion. Our design does not capture the reasons why or how each BAV was conducted. Importantly, the decision of whether or not to pre-dilate was made at the discretion of the TAVR team operator and may relate to the complexity of the valve anatomy and the operator’s perception of successful valve delivery; therefore, it is possible that BAV was undertaken in more complex and challenging cases. This is of particular importance because a high correlation between the volume of calcification and the severity of paravalvular leaks has been previously demonstrated (24). It is probable that physician experience and device improvement (Edwards Sapiens 3 version replacing Edwards Sapiens XT has been launched in March 2015) may have played a cofounder role in aortic regurgitation reduction. However, those data were missing from reporting in our registry. Moreover, the trend regarding adoption of Direct TAVR in each separate center is not available.

A large proportion of patients did not have any details regarding pre-dilatation status and have been excluded. There is a concern that avoiding BAV will increase post-dilatation, which has inherent risk (valve migration, annular rupture, and cerebral embolism). However, those data were not available in our cohort and, therefore, it remains a limitation to our work. In Fiorina et al. (10) and Conradi et al. (17), Direct TAVR procedures were not associated with increased frequency of post-dilatation. Three ongoing studies (SIMPLIFY TAVI [Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Without Pre-dilation] [NCT01539746], EASE-IT [Balloon Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Without Predilation of the Aortic Valve] [NCT02127580], and DIRECTAVI [Implantation of the Transcatheter Aortic Prosthesis SAPIEN 3 With or Without Prior Balloon Predilation] [NCT02729519]) will provide more information.

Conclusions

A Direct TAVR procedure is commonly performed in France and proved to be safe. This procedure is associated with benefits in terms of procedural simplifications and may be associated with improved outcomes related to lower rates of residual aortic regurgitation and tamponade. Therefore, this strategy should be validated in a dedicated randomized trial.

Perspectives

WHAT IS KNOWN? A systematic step of aortic valve pre-dilatation before valve deployment has been mandatory during TAVR. BAV is supposed to facilitate the delivery system, help in sizing the device, and optimize valve implantation and expansion. However, BAV has been associated with hemodynamic disturbance, acute aortic regurgitation, renal failure, increased risk of stroke, and pacemaker implantation. Feasibility of TAVR procedure without systematic BAV has been described in the literature, for both self-expanding and balloon-expanding devices.

WHAT IS NEW? We confirmed in a large cohort that avoidance of BAV represents most TAVR procedures nowadays. This technique is associated with procedural simplification, including decreased fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, and contrast used. The success rate is similar than TAVR with BAV. We observed that Direct TAVR is associated with lower rates of post-procedural aortic regurgitation and tamponade.

WHAT IS NEXT? Those data should be confirmed in a large randomized trial evaluating Direct TAVR versus TAVR with BAV. A separate trial should be designed and performed for both types of valves (i.e., self-expanding vs. balloon expandables).

Footnotes

  • Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic partially funded the FRANCE TAVI registry. Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic had no role in data management, data analysis, or writing of the manuscript. Dr. Le Breton has received speaker fees from Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic. Dr. Auffret has received research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and Abbott. Dr. Koning has clinical research relationships with Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Biosensor, and Biotronik. Dr. Lefevre has served as a proctor for Edwards Lifesciences and Abbott. Dr. Eltchaninoff has served as a proctor for and received lecture fees from Edwards Lifesciences. Dr. Leprince has served as a proctor for Medtronic. Dr. Iung has received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim; and has received a speaker fee from Edwards Lifesciences. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Abbreviations and Acronyms
AS
aortic stenosis
BAV
balloon aortic valvuloplasty
TAVR
transcatheter aortic valve replacement
  • Received April 4, 2018.
  • Revision received June 7, 2018.
  • Accepted June 13, 2018.

References

  1. ↵
    1. Baumgartner H.,
    2. Falk V.,
    3. Bax J.J.,
    4. et al.,
    5. for the ESC Scientific Document Group
    (2017) 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 38:2739–2791.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  2. ↵
    1. Nishimura R.A.,
    2. Otto C.M.,
    3. Bonow R.O.,
    4. et al.
    (2017) 2017 AHA/ACC Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:252–289.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  3. ↵
    1. Auffret V.,
    2. Lefevre T.,
    3. Van Belle E.,
    4. et al.,
    5. for the FRANCE TAVI Investigators
    (2017) Temporal trends in transcatheter aortic valve replacement in France: FRANCE 2 to FRANCE TAVI. J Am Coll Cardiol 70:42–55.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  4. ↵
    1. Cribier A.,
    2. Eltchaninoff H.,
    3. Bash A.,
    4. et al.
    (2002) Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for calcific aortic stenosis: first human case description. Circulation 106:3006–3008.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  5. ↵
    1. Ben-Dor I.,
    2. Pichard A.D.,
    3. Satler L.F.,
    4. et al.
    (2010) Complications and outcome of balloon aortic valvuloplasty in high-risk or inoperable patients. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 3:1150–1156.
    OpenUrl
  6. ↵
    1. Lange P.,
    2. Greif M.,
    3. Vogel A.,
    4. et al.
    (2014) Reduction of pacemaker implantation rates after CoreValve® implantation by moderate predilatation. EuroIntervention 9:1151–1157.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  7. ↵
    1. Eltchaninoff H.,
    2. Durand E.,
    3. Borz B.,
    4. et al.
    (2014) Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in the era of transcatheter aortic valve replacement: acute and long-term outcomes. Am Heart J 167:235–240.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. ↵
    1. Toutouzas K.,
    2. Latsios G.,
    3. Stathogiannis K.,
    4. et al.
    (2016) One-year outcomes after direct transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a self-expanding bioprosthesis. A two-center international experience. Int J Cardiol 202:631–635.
    OpenUrl
  9. ↵
    1. Grube E.,
    2. Naber C.,
    3. Abizaid A.,
    4. et al.
    (2011) Feasibility of transcatheter aortic valve implantation without balloon pre-dilation: a pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 4:751–757.
    OpenUrl
  10. ↵
    1. Fiorina C.,
    2. Maffeo D.,
    3. Curello S.,
    4. et al.
    (2014) Direct transcatheter aortic valve implantation with self-expandable bioprosthesis: feasibility and safety. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 15:200–203.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  11. ↵
    1. Gilard M.,
    2. Eltchaninoff H.,
    3. Iung B.,
    4. et al.,
    5. for the FRANCE 2 Investigators
    (2012) Registry of transcatheter aortic-valve implantation in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 366:1705–1715.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  12. ↵
    1. Sinning J.M.,
    2. Scheer A.C.,
    3. Adenauer V.,
    4. et al.
    (2012) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome predicts increased mortality in patients after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J 33:1459–1468.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  13. ↵
    1. Conradi L.,
    2. Seiffert M.,
    3. Schirmer J.,
    4. et al.
    (2014) Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation without prior balloon aortic valvuloplasty: feasible and safe. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 46:61–66.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  14. ↵
    1. Kempfert J.,
    2. Meyer A.,
    3. Kim W.K.,
    4. et al.
    (2015) First experience without pre-ballooning in transapical aortic valve implantation: a propensity score-matched analysis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 47:31–38.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  15. ↵
    1. Wendler O.,
    2. Dworakowski R.,
    3. Monaghan M.,
    4. MacCarthy P.A.
    (2012) Direct transapical aortic valve implantation: a modified transcatheter approach avoiding balloon predilatation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 42:734–736.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  16. ↵
    1. Möllmann H.,
    2. Kim W.K.,
    3. Kempfert J.,
    4. et al.
    (2014) Transfemoral aortic valve implantation of Edwards SAPIEN XT without predilatation is feasible. Clin Cardiol 37:667–671.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  17. ↵
    1. Conradi L.,
    2. Schaefer A.,
    3. Seiffert M.,
    4. et al.
    (2015) Transfemoral TAVI without pre-dilatation using balloon-expandable devices: a case-matched analysis. Clin Res Cardiol 104:735–742.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. ↵
    1. Ahn H.C.,
    2. Nielsen N.E.,
    3. Baranowski J.
    (2016) Can predilatation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation be omitted? A prospective randomized study. J Cardiothorac Surg 11:124.
    OpenUrl
  19. ↵
    1. Liao Y.B.,
    2. Meng Y.,
    3. Zhao Z.G.,
    4. et al.
    (2016) Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of transcatheter aortic valve implantation without balloon predilation. Am J Cardiol 117:1629–1635.
    OpenUrlPubMed
  20. ↵
    1. Athappan G.,
    2. Patvardhan E.,
    3. Tuzcu E.M.,
    4. et al.
    (2013) Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: meta-analysis and systematic review of literature. J Am Coll Cardiol 61:1585–1595.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  21. ↵
    1. Bijuklic K.,
    2. Haselbach T.,
    3. Witt J.,
    4. et al.
    (2015) Increased risk of cerebral embolization after implantation of a balloon-expandable aortic valve without prior balloon valvuloplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 8:1608–1613.
    OpenUrl
  22. ↵
    1. Pagnesi M.,
    2. Jabbour R.J.,
    3. Latib A.,
    4. et al.
    (2016) Usefulness of predilation before transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol 118:107–112.
    OpenUrl
  23. ↵
    1. Auffret V.,
    2. Regueiro A.,
    3. Campelo-Parada F.,
    4. et al.
    (2017) Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement without balloon predilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 90:839–850.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. Khalique O.K.,
    2. Hahn R.T.,
    3. Gada H.,
    4. et al.
    (2014) Quantity and location of aortic valve complex calcification predicts severity and location of paravalvular regurgitation and frequency of post-dilation after balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 7:885–894.
    OpenUrl
View Abstract
Back to top

Toolbox

Print PDF
Email
Citation

Metrics

CME/MOC/ECME
Advertisement

Article Outline

Figures in Article

Similar Articles

Advertisement