Hybrid Cardiovascular Procedures
John G. Byrne, MD, FACC*,
Marzia Leacche, MD,
Douglas E. Vaughan, MD, FACC,
David X. Zhao, MD, FACC
Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, Nashville, Tennessee
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Figure 1 Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
(A) Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) through an anterior-lateral left thoracotomy on the beating heart. (B) Postoperative incision after MIDCAB.
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Figure 4 Incisions for Valve Surgery
(A) Median sternotomy (aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve). (B) Right thoracotomy (mitral or tricuspid valve). (C) Upper hemi-sternotomy (aortic valve). (D) Lower hemi-sternotomy (mitral or tricuspid valve). Figure illustration by Rob Flewell.
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