Early and Persistent Intraventricular Conduction Abnormalities and Requirements for Pacemaking After Percutaneous Replacement of the Aortic Valve
Nicolo Piazza, MD*,
Yoshinobu Onuma, MD*,
Emile Jesserun, MD*,
Peter Paul Kint, RN ,
Anne-Marie Maugenest, RN*,
Robert H. Anderson, MD, FRCPath ,
Peter P. Th de Jaegere, MD, PhD*,
Patrick W. Serruys, MD, PhD*,*
* Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Cardialysis BV, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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Figure 1 Flow Diagram
The diagram demonstrates the number of 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) available for interpretation and the mean time to follow-up expressed in days (mean ± SD). PAVR = percutaneous aortic valve replacement.
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Figure 2 Quantitative Angiographic Measurement
A representative example of the measurement of the distance from the lower edge of the noncoronary cusp to the proximal (or ventricular) end of the frame of the valve prosthesis is shown.
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Figure 3 Histological Section
The section demonstrates the piercing of the atrioventricular bundle through the membranous septum, exiting superficially along the crest of the interventricular septum, and continuing to supply the left ventricle. Reprinted with permission from Benson R. Wilcox, Andrew C. Cook, Robert H. Anderson, Surgical Anatomy of the Heart, 3rd Edition (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
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Figure 4 Monograph of Tawara
The monograph shown demonstrates how the left bundle branch exits below the base of the interleaflet triangle, separating the noncoronary and right coronary leaflets of the aortic valve and fanning along the ventricular septum to supply the left ventricle. Modified from Tawara (22).
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