JACC Interventions -- Byrne et al. 1 (5): 459 Figure IG4

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Figure 4 Incisions for Valve Surgery

(A) Median sternotomy (aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve). (B) Right thoracotomy (mitral or tricuspid valve). (C) Upper hemi-sternotomy (aortic valve). (D) Lower hemi-sternotomy (mitral or tricuspid valve). Figure illustration by Rob Flewell.